Peking schrijft in het Staatsraad-plan van 2017 en de white paper van 2019 over internationale concurrentie en intelligente oorlogvoering.
DoD AI Strategy Summary (februari 2019): Other nations, particularly China and Russia, are making significant investments in AI for military purposes. Adoption Strategy (november 2023): intentions to field AI for military advantage. NDS 2022: PRC as the Department’s pacing challenge. BIS Federal Register 13 oktober 2022: military decision making, planning, and logistics, as well as of its autonomous military systems. AIDP 国发〔2017〕35号: 人工智能成为国际竞争的新焦点. China’s National Defense in the New Era (juli 2019): intelligent warfare is on the horizon.
Het Witte Huis opent in juli 2025 de Introduction van Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan met de stelling dat de Verenigde Staten in een race zitten om wereldwijde dominantie in kunstmatige intelligentie.
«The United States is in a race to achieve global dominance in artificial intelligence (AI).»
De samenvatting van de DoD AI Strategy (2018) stelt dat China en Rusland significant investeren in AI voor militaire doeleinden; die investeringen bedreigen technologische en operationele voordelen van de VS, die AI moet adopteren om strategische positie en future battlefields te behouden.
«Other nations, particularly China and Russia, are making significant investments in AI for military purposes, including in applications that raise questions regarding international norms and human rights. These investments threaten to erode our technological and operational advantages and destabilize the free and open international order. The United States, together with its allies and partners, must adopt AI to maintain its strategic position, prevail on future battlefields, and safeguard this order.»
De DoD Data, Analytics, and AI Adoption Strategy (2023) koppelt NDS-deterrence tegen de PRC aan concurrenten die hun intentie hebben gecommuniceerd om AI voor military advantage in te zetten; adoptie moet enduring decision advantage opleveren.
«The NDS also describes the need for the United States to sustain and strengthen deterrence against the People’s Republic of China and other strategic competitors, which have widely communicated their intentions to field AI for military advantage. Accelerating adoption of data, analytics, and AI technologies will enable enduring decision advantage, allowing DoD leaders to prioritize investments to strengthen deterrence; link cross-cutting campaign outcomes that counter our competitors’ coercive measures; and deploy continuous advancements in technological capabilities to creatively address complex national security challenges in this decisive decade.»
BIS Federal Register IFR (13 okt 2022) koppelt advanced computing/supercomputers en AI-toepassingen expliciet aan PRC military modernization: snellere/accuratere military decision making, planning, logistics en autonomous military systems — exportcontrole als militaire rem.
«Advanced computing items and “supercomputers” can be used to enhance data processing and analysis capabilities, including through artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The PRC is rapidly developing exascale supercomputing capabilities and has announced its intent to become the world leader in AI by 2030. … These systems are being used by the PRC for its military modernization efforts to improve the speed and accuracy of its military decision making, planning, and logistics, as well as of its autonomous military systems, such as those used for cognitive electronic warfare, radar, signals intelligence, and jamming.»
Het Chinese Staatsraad-plan Nieuwe Generatie AI (国发〔2017〕35号) noemt AI een nieuw focus van internationale concurrentie en een strategie van grote landen om national competitiveness en national security te beschermen; China moet de strategic initiative in AI-competitie grijpen om national security te waarborgen.
«人工智能成为国际竞争的新焦点。人工智能是引领未来的战略性技术，世界主要发达国家把发展人工智能作为提升国家竞争力、维护国家安全的重大战略，加紧出台规划和政策，围绕核心技术、顶尖人才、标准规范等强化部署，力图在新一轮国际科技竞争中掌握主导权。当前，我国国家安全和国际竞争形势更加复杂，必须放眼全球，把人工智能发展放在国家战略层面系统布局、主动谋划，牢牢把握人工智能发展新阶段国际竞争的战略主动，打造竞争新优势、开拓发展新空间，有效保障国家安全。»
De officiële Engelse white paper China’s National Defense in the New Era (juli 2019) stelt dat AI en andere cutting-edge technologies in het militaire veld versnellen, internationale militaire concurrentie historisch verandert, en intelligent warfare aan de horizon is; China wil de development of intelligent military versnellen.
«Driven by the new round of technological and industrial revolution, the application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum information, big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things is gathering pace in the military field. International military competition is undergoing historic changes. … War is evolving in form towards informationized warfare, and intelligent warfare is on the horizon. … Efforts will be made to advance the integrated development of mechanization and informationization, speed up the development of intelligent military, create a modernized military force structure with Chinese characteristics…»